Maps, truth, and data

# Maps, truth, and data

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# John Snow and 1854 cholera epidemic

.pull-left.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/800px-John_Snow.jpg" alt="John Snow" title="John Snow" width="60%">
 <figcaption>This Jo(h)n Snow knows things</figcaption>
</figure>
]

.pull-left.center[
.box-inv-4[10% of the population of Soho died in a week (!!)]

???

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Snow

---

layout: false
class: bg-full
background-image: url("img/01/1092px-Snow-cholera-map-1.jpg")

???

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Snow-cholera-map-1.jpg

---

---

# The Broad Street pump

.pull-left-wide.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/Snow-cholera-map.jpg" alt="John Snow's 1854 cholera map" title="John Snow's 1854 cholera map" width="68%">
</figure>
]

.pull-left-narrow[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/John_Snow_memorial_and_pub.jpg" alt="The Broad Street Pump" title="The Broad Street Pump" width="100%">
</figure>
]

???

https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bestand:Snow-cholera-map.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/John_Snow_memorial_and_pub.jpg

---

# Outright lies

.pull-left.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/wp-bad-map.jpg" alt="Fake map" title="Fake map" width="90%">
</figure>
]

.pull-right.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/bad-map-meme.png" alt="Fake map again" title="Fake map again" width="70%">
</figure>
]

???

Bottom map doesn't even show crime rates—it's the results from the 2012 presidential election

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/11/16/no-the-viral-image-of-2016-election-results-and-2013-crime-rates-is-not-real/

https://me.me/i/electoral-map-2016-election-crime-rate-milo-democrats-are-as-3983235

---

# Fake maps and junk maps

.pull-left.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/bot-designed-maps.png" alt="Fast Company on bot-designed maps" title="Fast Company on bot-designed maps" width="80%">
 <figcaption><a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90230916/the-next-great-fake-news-threat-bot-designed-maps" target="_blank">“The next great fake news threat? Bot-designed maps”</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

.pull-right.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/candy-map.jpg" alt="Favorite candy by state" title="Favorite candy by state" width="100%">
</figure>
]

???

https://www.fastcompany.com/90230916/the-next-great-fake-news-threat-bot-designed-maps

https://www.reddit.com/r/funny/comments/dos6zx/finally_an_accurate_candy_map/

---

# Points can be useless

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/heatmap.png" alt="xkcd population maps" title="xkcd population maps" width="42%">
</figure>
]

???

https://xkcd.com/1138/

---

# Choropleths can be great

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/fall-foliage-2019.png" alt="2019 Fall foliage prediction map" title="2019 Fall foliage prediction map" width="65%">
 <figcaption><a href="https://smokymountains.com/fall-foliage-map/" target="_blank">Smoky Mountains 2019 Fall Foliage Prediction Map</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

???

https://smokymountains.com/fall-foliage-map/

---

# Choropleths can distort

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/white-house-framed-map.png" alt="White House framed map of election results" title="White House framed map of election results" width="37%">
</figure>
]

???

https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/332927-trump-will-hang-map-of-2016-election-results-in-the-white-house

---

# Land doesn't vote

???

https://demcastusa.com/2019/11/11/land-doesnt-vote-people-do-this-electoral-map-tells-the-real-story/

[Cryptic command](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31781238/using-ffmpeg-to-convert-gif-to-mp4-output-doesnt-play-on-android) to convert gif to mp4:

```text
ffmpeg -r 30 -i input.gif -movflags faststart -pix_fmt yuv420p -vf "scale=trunc(iw/2)*2:trunc(ih/2)*2" out.mp4
```

---

# Cartograms

&nbsp;

.pull-left-3.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/countymap3070384.png" alt="2016 map by county" title="2016 map by county" width="100%">
</figure>
]

.pull-middle-3.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/538-hexagon-cartogram.png" alt="FiveThirtyEight hex cartogram" title="FiveThirtyEight hex cartogram" width="100%">
</figure>
]

.pull-right-3.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/countycart30701024.png" alt="2016 cartogram by county" title="2016 cartogram by county" width="100%">
</figure>
]

???

http://metrocosm.com/election-2016-map-3d/

---

layout: false
class: bg-full
background-image: url("img/01/Election2015_WinnerChangeMaps.jpg")

???

http://www.viewsoftheworld.net/?p=4570

---

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/2016_election_map_large.png" alt="xkcd 2016 election map" title="xkcd 2016 election map" width="70%">
</figure>
]

???

https://xkcd.com/1939/

---

---

# Projections

.box-inv-4.medium[[Animated world projections](https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/raw/3711652/)]

???

Disable my video so OBS is happy

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# World projections

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# US projections

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# Finding projection codes

.box-inv-4.small[[This](https://www.earthdatascience.org/courses/earth-analytics/spatial-data-r/understand-epsg-wkt-and-other-crs-definition-file-types/) is an excellent overview of how this all works]

.box-inv-4.small[And [this](https://web.archive.org/web/20200225021219/https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~frazier/RSpatialGuides/OverviewCoordinateReferenceSystems.pdf) is a really really helpful overview of all these moving parts]

---

# Which projection is best?

.box-inv-4.medium[None of them]

.box-inv-4.small[(but also ew mercator)]

---

# Putting data on maps

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# Maps with lines

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/CA_Migration_v2_101-01.png" alt="Net migration between California and other states" title="Net migration between California and other states" width="55%">
 <figcaption><a href="https://www.census.gov/dataviz/visualizations/051/" target="_blank">US Census Bureau: Net migration between California and other states</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

???

https://www.census.gov/dataviz/visualizations/051/

---

# Maps with lines

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/wind-map.png" alt="hint.fm wind map from Hurricane Sandy in 2012" title="hint.fm wind map from Hurricane Sandy in 2012" width="85%">
 <figcaption><a href="http://hint.fm/wind/index.html" target="_blank">hint.fm Live Wind Map</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

???

http://hint.fm/wind/index.html

---

layout: false
class: bg-full
background-image: url("img/01/streams-lakes-bw-100-w-01.jpg")

???

https://kieranhealy.org/prints/rivers/

---

---

# Maps with points

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/7840356344_c8dda52c31_h.jpg" alt="Every hurricane since 1851, by IDV solutions" title="Every hurricane since 1851, by IDV solutions" width="70%">
 <figcaption><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/idvsolutions/7840356344/" target="_blank">Every hurricane since 1851, by IDV solutions</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

???

https://www.flickr.com/photos/idvsolutions/7840356344/

---

# Maps with points

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/nyt-la-vaccinations.png" alt="NYT LA vaccinations" title="NYT LA vaccinations" width="90%">
 <figcaption><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/02/06/us/california-measles-vaccines-map.html" target="_blank">The New York Times, "Vaccination Rates for Every Kindergarten in California</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

???

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/02/06/us/california-measles-vaccines-map.html

---

# Maps with points

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/dc-photo-locations-small.jpg" alt="DC photo locations by locals and tourists" title="DC photo locations by locals and tourists" width="48%">
 <figcaption><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/4672195208/in/album-72157624209158632/" target="_blank">Locals vs. tourists in DC (blue = locals; red = tourists; yellow = unknown)</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

???

https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/4672195208/in/album-72157624209158632/

---

# Voronoi maps

.pull-left.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/voronoi-states.png" alt="Voronoi state boundaries" title="Voronoi state boundaries" width="100%">
 <figcaption><a href="http://vizual-statistix.tumblr.com/post/48625446909/these-are-voronoi-maps-of-the-contiguous-usa" target="_blank">Voroni state boundaries, by Seth Kadish</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

.pull-right.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/voronoi-nba.png" alt="Voronoi state boundaries" title="Voronoi state boundaries" width="100%">
 <figcaption><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/nba/comments/27got5/which_team_is_closest_to_you_a_voronoi_diagram/" target="_blank">Closest NBA teams</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]

???

http://vizual-statistix.tumblr.com/post/48625446909/these-are-voronoi-maps-of-the-contiguous-usa

https://www.reddit.com/r/nba/comments/27got5/which_team_is_closest_to_you_a_voronoi_diagram/

---

# Maps with shapes

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/nyt-aca-map.png" alt="NYT: States Where Insured Could Renew Plans Before Change by Obama" title="NYT: States Where Insured Could Renew Plans Before Change by Obama" width="70%">
</figure>
]

???

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/11/20/us/which-states-will-allow-old-health-policies-to-be-renewed.html

---

# Small multiples that look like maps

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/geofacet.png" alt="geofacet package" title="geofacet package" width="65%">
 <figcaption><code>facet_geo()</code> in the <a href="https://hafen.github.io/geofacet/" target="_blank">geofacet package</a></figcaption>
</figure>
]